Dehydration in dogs

Overview

When it comes to water, getting enough of it is serious business for dogs.  Without adequate fluids to keep tissues moist and transport nutrients throughout the body, a dog will die from dehydration. Dehydration occurs when a dog loses body fluids faster than he can replace them. A drop in fluid levels can result from overheating in hot weather, while more serious dehydration can occur when a dog has been vomiting excessively or has severe diarrhea.  A diabetic dog who has become unregulated also faces the risk of dehydration, as can dogs who are battling serious or prolonged illnesses such as kidney disease, cancer or hypothyroidism. Prolonged fever is another common cause of dehydration.

Symptoms

Symptoms of dehydration include:

• Sunken eyes
• Exhaustion
• Appetite loss
• Depression
• Dry mouth
• Elevated heart rate

To check for dehydration, pull up on the scruff of your dog's neck and let go; the skin should spring back into place. If the skin stays up or returns to normal very slowly, your dog may be low on fluids. If you suspect that your dog is dehydrated, consider this an emergency and take him to the veterinarian immediately. In a worst case scenario, a very young puppy suffering from diarrhea for even one day can die from lack of fluids. Dehydration is not always easy to judge, and only a doctor can properly evaluate your dog and provide him with life-saving fluid replacement.

Treatment

Your veterinarian can give fluids intravenously, or subcutaneously (under the skin), to quickly rehydrate your dog.

Dogs who are recovering from a slight case or diarrhea or vomiting can easily become dehydrated, so watch your dog's water intake. It is a good idea to give a recuperating dog an ice cube or two to lick as this takes a bit longer than drinking and ensures gradual hydration. Drinking too much, too fast can cause him to vomit, resulting in additional loss of fluid. You also may want to give your recuperating dog a drink that is rich in electrolytes. Veterinarians often recommend Pedialyte, a formula for babies available in drug stores and supermarkets, or sports drinks. Check with your veterinarian before going this route.

Prevention

To make sure your healthy dog remains properly hydrated, there are several things you can do. Be sure that water is available for your dog at all times, and change it frequently to keep it clean and fresh. Bring along a water bottle when exercising outside or traveling with your dog - even for even short distances.  Never leave your dog unattended in a vehicle, even if you think you'll only be gone for a moment. 

And one more tip: if you happen to notice that your dog is drinking less than usual, it might be a good idea to take a look inside his mouth - foreign objects such as twigs or burrs could cause your dog to avoid the water dish.