Fish Tank Water Care Is Important for Fish Health

A fish living in an unsuitable environment--contaminated with toxins, for example, or kept at too low a temperature--is no better off than a fish out of water. In order for your pets to survive and thrive, the water in the aquarium must be in good condition--free of toxins, rich in oxygen, and maintained at the temperature and pH level appropriate for their species. With careful monitoring and regular water changes, you'll ensure a healthy home for your pet. The use of a tap water conditioner is strongly recommended when setting up a new tank, replacing water after a water change. Water conditioners instantly remove chlorine and chloramine, and neutralizes heavy metals.

Do you know what your pH is? This is a measurement of the degree of acidity or alkalinity in the water. Most fish are happiest in water that has a near neutral pH level of around 7, though some require water that's more or less acidic or alkaline. A too-high pH can enhance the formulation of toxins, while a too-low pH can affect your fishes' gills. When you buy fish, always ask someone at the aquarium store about the appropriate pH level for them. They'll tell you how to adjust the water, if necessary. It is recommended that you test the pH in your tank once a week; kits are available at pet supply stores.

Cloudy fish tank water may have too much ammonia

You'll also need to control the level of ammonia, which is produced when uneaten food and fish waste begin to decompose. You can combat this highly toxic pollutant with an efficient filtration system and by changing 10 to 25 percent of the water in the tank every two weeks; please see our topic on cleaning the tank for more on this important aspect of fishkeeping. Water changes also help control the levels of other toxic compounds, such as nitrites and nitrates. It is recommended that you test ammonia levels weekly. It is especially important to check the nitrite levels whenever new fish are added. Test kits can be found at pet supply stores.

Is there adequate oxygen in the tank? Fish, as do all animals, require oxygen to survive. Most of the oxygen in aquariums is found at the surface of the water. You can use a test kit to ensure the oxygen levels are between 5 and 7 ppm. If the tank has poor water circulation, an air pump and aerator can be used to increase oxygenation of the water.

In order for your fish to thrive, the temperature in the tank must be appropriate for their species--and remain that way. A too-high temperature, for example, can reduce oxygen levels. If you are keeping tropical fish, find out their preferred temperature and use a high-quality heater to maintain it. Temperature is easily monitored with a good thermometer.

One final word about water quality for first-time fishkeepers. It is crucial that you ensure an environment that's free of toxins before adding fish to the tank. Getting your system up and running for a week or two will allow the water to properly "ripen." Be sure to carefully monitor the nitrite levels every day for two weeks after adding your fish, and again every week until the tank has stabilized and its inhabitants have settled in.